这些动词均含“打破、弄碎”之意。
break : 常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏。
- The dish fell to the floor and broke.
碟子掉到地上摔碎了。 - Charles is always breaking things.
查尔斯老是打碎东西。 - She fell and broke her arm (= broke the bone in her arm).
她摔断了胳膊。 - I dropped the vase and it broke into pieces.
我把花瓶掉在地上摔碎了。 - I think I've broken your phone.
我想我弄坏了你的电话。 - I picked it up and the handle broke off.
我把它捡了起来，可手柄断了。 - We heard the sound of breaking glass.
我们听见玻璃破碎的声音。
burst : 指某物因内部外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或账破。
- I hate it when balloons burst.
我讨厌气球突然破的时候。 - Suddenly the door burst open (= opened suddenly and forcefully) and police officers rushed in.
门突然被撞开了，警察冲了进来。 - The river was threatening to burst its banks.
河流有决口的危险。 - If I eat any more cake I'll burst (= I cannot eat anything else)!
我再吃蛋糕肚皮就会胀破的！
crack : 多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。
- A stone hit the window and cracked the glass.
石块击中窗户，打裂了玻璃。 - I cracked my tooth as I fell.
我摔倒时把牙齿磕了一道裂缝。 - The walls cracked and the roof collapsed in the earthquake.
地震中墙壁开裂，屋顶坍塌。
crush : 指用力把东西压破或变形。
- The package had been badly crushed in the post.
包裹在邮寄过程中被压而严重受损。 - Add three cloves of crushed garlic.
- 加入3瓣捣碎的大蒜。
- His arm was badly crushed in the car accident.
他的胳膊在车祸中被压成重伤。
fracture : 比crack的破裂程度更深更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。
- She fractured her skull in the accident.
她在事故中颅骨骨折。 - Two of her ribs fractured when she was thrown from her horse.
她从马上摔下来，折断了两根肋骨。 - A fractured pipe at a steelworks has leaked 20 tons of oil into the Severn estuary.
一家钢铁厂的管道断裂，致使20吨油泄漏，流入塞文河口。
shatter : 指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。
- The glass shattered into a thousand tiny pieces.
玻璃碎成无数块细小的碎片。 - His leg was shattered in the accident.
他在事故中腿骨碎裂。
smash : 指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。
- Rioters ran through the city, smashing windows and looting shops.
暴乱者穿过市中心，砸碎商店的橱窗，抢掠店铺里的东西。 - She dropped her cup and watched it smash to pieces/to smithereens on the stone floor.
她掉了杯子，看着它在石地板上摔得粉碎。
