区别辨析control、direct、govern、manage、rule、supervise与administer

这些动词均有“管理、支配”之意。

control : 含义广泛的常用词,指对人或物施以约束或控制的力量。

  • If you can't control your dog, put it on a lead!
    要是你管不住你的狗,就给它拴上皮带!
  • You're going to have to learn to control your temper.
    你必须学会控制住自己的脾气。
  • The temperature is controlled by a thermostat.
    温度由恒温器控制。
  • The laws controlling drugs are very strict in this country.
    该国管制药物的法律十分严格。
  • The government is trying to control spending.
    政府一直在努力控制开支。

direct : 侧重行使领导或指导权。

  • A new manager has been appointed to direct the project.
    已任命一位新经理来管理这项工程。
  • He was asked to take command and direct operations.
    他奉命统率并指挥作战行动。
  • She directs a large charity.
    她主管一家大型慈善机构。
  • There was a police officer directing the traffic.
    有一位警察在指挥交通。

govern : 侧重指运用任何控制的权力来统治或管理一个国家、一个社会或一个部门,暗含能力和知识的运用。

  • The country has been governed by military regimes.
    这个国家现在由军政府控制。
  • A president needs popular support in order to govern effectively.
    总统需要大众的支持方能有效治理国家。

manage : 强调对具体事务机构进行管理,有时含受权管理或处理之意。

  • Has she had any experience of managing large projects?
    她有管理大型项目的经验吗?
  • He's not very good at managing people.
    他不是很善于领导别人。
  • His job involved managing large investment funds.
    他的工作涉及管理巨额投资基金。
  • When you have a job as well as children to look after, you have to learn how to manage your time.
    当你既要工作又要照顾孩子时,就必须学会如何分配时间。

rule : 强调用绝对或独裁的权力来管理或统治。

  • Most modern kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a formal way, without real power.
    现代的大多数国王或女王(对他们的国家)的统治都只是形式上的,并不握有实权。
  • She rules her household with an iron hand/fist (= severely).
    她在家里大权在握,持家很严。

supervise : 侧重指运用本身的或被授予的权力来管理、检查工作,含监督意味。

  • The UN is supervising the distribution of aid by local agencies in the disaster area.
    联合国正在监督灾区的地方机构发放救援物资。
  • The children play while two teachers supervise (= make certain that they behave correctly and are safe).
    孩子们在两位教师的监管下玩耍。

administer : 指官方的或正式的对事务的管理。

  • to administer a charity/fund/school
    管理一家慈善机构 / 一项基金 / 一所学校
  • The pension funds are administered by commercial banks.
    养老基金由商业银行经管。
  • The economy has been badly administered by the present government.
    现任政府一直不擅长经济工作。