hill、mount、mountain、range、peak与volcano这些名词均含有“山”之意。
hill : 通常指小的土山、石山或浅丘。有时也指高山，复数表群山。
- Hills are not as high as mountains.
丘陵不像山脉那样高大。 - Their house is on the top of a hill.
他们的房子在小山顶上。 - In the summer, the shepherds move their sheep up into the hills (= an area where there are hills).
夏天，牧羊人们把羊群赶到丘陵地带放牧。
mount : 常用于地名之前， 即一般放在专用名词前，书面用词。
- Mount Everest
珠穆朗玛峰 - Mount Hood
胡德山
mountain : 通常指比hill高而陡的高山、山岳。但这种区别不是绝对的，“大”与“小”常常是相对而言。
- The Matterhorn is one of the biggest mountains in Europe.
马特豪恩峰是欧洲最雄伟的山峰之一。 - The Rockies are a mountain chain/range in the western United States.
落基山脉绵亘于美国西部。 - I'd love to go mountain-climbing.
我想去爬山。 - We're going to the mountains (= an area where there are mountains) for our holiday.
我们要去山区度假。
range : 形成的山脉或岭。
- a mountain range
山脉 - the Pennine Range
奔宁山脉 - We could see a low range of hills in the distance.
我们可以看到远处有一些低矮的山丘。
peak : 指山峰，也可指山顶。
- It is one of the most difficult peaks to climb.
这是最难攀登的山峰之一。 - snow-capped/jagged peaks
积雪覆盖的 / 嶙峋怪异的群峰 - The climbers made camp halfway up the peak.
登山者在半山腰设置营地。
- Prices reach a peak during August.
8月份价格达到高峰。 - Beat the egg whites until they are stiff enough to form firm peaks.
不停地搅拌蛋清直至其变成硬尖状。 - We saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her fitness and career.
我们见证过一位运动员在她的体能和运动生涯的顶峰时期在比赛中取得胜利。
volcano : 特指主要由喷出的熔岩和火山灰堆积而成的圆锥形火山。
- an extinct/dormant volcano
死／休眠火山 - an active volcano
活火山 - Erupting volcanoes discharge massive quantities of dust into the stratosphere.
火山喷发导致大量灰尘进入大气平流层。
