区别辨析deadly、fatal、mortal与lethal

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这些形容词均表示“致命的”之意。

deadly : 指能致命或实际已致命的事物,也可指企图致死他人的人。

  • a deadly virus
    致命的病毒
  • a deadly weapon
    致命的武器

fatal : 正式用词,强调死亡的不可避免性,多用于指伤或疾病等。

  • This illness is fatal in almost all cases.
    这种病几乎是不治之症。
  • the fatal shooting of an unarmed 15-year-old
    对手无寸铁的15岁少年的致命枪击

mortal : 语气强,指导致死亡的直接原因,也指人终有一死的。

  • a mortal blow/wound
    致命的一击 / 伤口
  • to be in mortal danger
    处于极度的危险之中
  • Her reputation suffered a mortal blow as a result of the scandal.
    这一丑闻毁了她的名声。
  • For all men are mortal.
    人终有一死。

lethal : 指由于某物本身具有致命的性能。

  • Three minutes after the fire started, the house was full of lethal fumes.
    起火3分钟后,房子里充满了致命的毒气。
  • In the car the police found guns, knives, and other lethal weapons (= weapons that can kill).
    警察在车里找到了枪支、刀具及其他一些凶器。
  • A 59-year-old man was executed by lethal injection (= by having a poisonous substance put into his body) this morning.
    今晨一位59岁的男性罪犯被执行注射死刑。
  • That combination of tiredness and alcohol is lethal (= has a very bad effect).
    身体的疲劳加上酒精的作用会产生非常严重的后果。