区别辨析block、bar、hinder、obstruct、prevent与hamper

这些动词均含有“阻止、阻塞”之意。

block : 语气强烈,指有效堵住了通道,使人或物无法通过。

  • A fallen tree is blocking the road.
    一棵倒下的树挡住了路。
  • As she left the court, an angry crowd tried to block her way.
    她离开法庭的时候,愤怒的人群试图阻挡她的去路。

bar : 含义与block很接近,指阻塞通道或禁止出入,但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。

  • The centre of the town was barred to football supporters.
    镇中心不准球迷进入。
  • The incident led to him being barred from the country/barred from entering the country.
    这起事件导致他被禁止进入该国。
  • I tried to push past her but she barred my way/path (= stood in front of me and prevented me from getting past).
    我试图从她旁边挤过去,但她还是挡住了我的去路。

hinder : 语气较轻,多指阻碍、拖延人或事,强调使进展速度缓慢下来。

  • High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.
    大风妨碍了消防队员扑灭大火。
  • Her progress certainly hasn't been hindered by her lack of experience.
    经验不足当然没有妨碍她的进步。

obstruct : 正式用词,语气强,多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通,使不能自由畅通。

  • After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by collapsed buildings.
    地震过后,许多道路都被倒塌的建筑物堵住了。
  • Her view of the stage was obstructed by a pillar.
    一根柱子挡住了她的视线,她看不见舞台。
  • An accident is obstructing traffic on the M11.
    一场事故堵塞了11号高速公路上的交通。
  • to obstruct a police investigation
    阻挠警方的调查
  • He got five years in prison for withholding evidence and obstructing the course of justice.
    他因隐藏证据、妨碍司法而被判入狱5年。
  • He was charged with obstructing justice.
    他被控以妨碍司法公正。

prevent : 含义广泛,指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。

  • Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.
    在你的手提箱上贴上标签以防弄混。
  • His disability prevents him (from) driving.
    他有残疾,不能开车。

hamper : 侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。

  • Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.
    猛烈的暴风雨妨碍了救援工作的进行,现在找到更多生还者的希望已经很渺茫了。