区别辨析crime、sin、guilt、offence与violation

这些名词均含有“犯法、犯罪、罪恶”之意。

crime : 指严重的违法行为或罪行。

  • an increase in violent crime
    暴力犯罪活动的增加
  • the fight against crime
    与犯罪活动的斗争
  • Stores spend more and more on crime prevention every year.
    商店每年在防止犯罪方面的花费越来越多。
  • petty/serious crime
    轻微的 / 严重的犯罪
  • the connection between drugs and organized crime
    毒品与有组织犯罪之间的联系

sin : 主要指违反道德原则或违反宗教戒律的过失或罪过行为。

  • to commit/confess a sin
    犯罪/忏悔罪过
  • He thinks a lot about sin.
    他对罪孽有很多思考。
  • I think it's a sin (= is morally wrong) to waste food, when so many people in the world are hungry.
    我认为浪费食物是一种罪过,因为世界上还有那么多人在挨饿。
  • For my sins (= as if it were a punishment), I'm organizing the office party this year.
    真是活该,今年将由我来组织办公室聚会。

guilt : 多用于指违反道德或社会标准的不法行为,含应予惩办之意。这种惩办是以证据为根据的。

  • Both suspects admitted their guilt to the police.
    两名嫌疑人都向警方认了罪。
  • The prosecution's task in a case is to establish a person's guilt beyond any reasonable doubt.
    在庭审案件中,控方的任务就是要证明被告有罪。

offence : 使用广,可泛指对任何规则、道德标准、法律、纪律等的违反与触犯,其罪行可重可轻。

  • a serious/minor offence
    重/轻罪
  • a criminal/drink-driving offence
    刑事罪/酒后驾车罪
  • Driving without a licence is an offence.
    无照驾驶是违法行为。
  • He committed several serious offences.
    他犯了好几项重罪。
  • It's the third time that he's been convicted of a drug offence.
    这是他第三次因毒品犯罪被判刑。

violation : 指违背誓言、条约、规则以及良心等,也指侵犯权利。

  • He claimed that the way he'd been treated was a gross violation of his civil/constitutional/human rights.
    他声称他们如此对待他是对他的公民权/宪法所赋予的权利/人权的粗暴侵犯。
  • The takeover of the embassy constitutes a flagrant/blatant violation of international law.
    占领大使馆是公然违反国际法的行为。
  • It was clear that they had not acted in violation of the rules.
    很显然他们的行为并没有违反规章。